Review




Structured Review

Jackson Laboratory b6 cg tg
B6 Cg Tg, supplied by Jackson Laboratory, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b6+cg+tg/cd4+cre/pm42285103-296-172-173
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
b6 cg tg - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
86/100 stars

Images

Related Articles

Transgenic Assay:

Article Title: Inhibitory inputs from thalamus promote resilient spiking in tail of striatum
Article Snippet: .. B6.Cg-Tg(Drd1a-tdTomato)6Calak/J transgenic mouseline ( Drd1a -tdTomato) , Jackson Laboratories , Cat# 016204; RRID: IMSR_JAX:016204. .. B6J.129S6(FVB)- Slc32a1 tm2(cre)Lowl /MwarJ transgenic mouseline ( VGAT -Cre) , Jackson Laboratories , Cat# 028862; RRID: IMSR_JAX:028862.

other:

Article Title: A cell-intrinsic glucocorticoid biosynthesis and sensing circuit maintains a homeostatic Th17 cell state.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Ccr8 (Mm99999115_s1; Mouse) Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# 4331182 ACTIN (Hs01060665_g1; Human) Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# 4331182 TSC22D3 (Hs00608272_m1; Human) Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# 4331182 CYP11A1 (Hs00167984_m1; Human) Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# 4331182 Deposited data RNA-seq on T cells This paper GEO: GSE296482 ATAC-seq on T cells This paper GEO: GSE320348 Mass spectrometry proteomics data This paper PRIDE: PXD063776 scRNA-seq of in vivo Th17 cells Schnell et al.5 GEO: GSE188320 scRNA-seq of in vitro Th17 cells Gaublomme et al.20 GEO: GSE74833 ATAC-seq on CD4 T cells (Figure 2A) Thakore et al.21 GEO: GSE206607 and GSE296490 ATAC-seq on in vivo Th17 cells (Table S6) Schnell et al.1 GEO: GSE188319 IRF4 ATAC-seq Pham et al.25 GEO: GSE123206 IRF4 ChIP-seq Pham et al.25 GEO: GSE123198 STAT3 ATAC-seq Chang et al.50 GEO: GSE153442 pSTAT3 ChIP-seq Durant et al.51 GEO: GSE21669 SMAD4 ChIP-seq Zhang et al.52 GEO: GSE101593 Experimental models: Cell lines PlatE Cell Biolabs, Inc. Cat# RV-101 Experimental models: Organisms/strains C57BL/6J Jackson laboratory Strain ID 000664 C57BL/6-Tg(Tcra2D2,Tcrb2D2)1Kuch/J Jackson laboratory Strain ID 006912 B6.Cg-Tg(Cd4-cre)1Cwi/BfluJ Jackson laboratory Strain ID 022071 B6.Cg-Tg(Lck-icre)3779Nik/J Jackson laboratory Strain ID 012837 C57BL/6-Il17atm1Bcgen/J Jackson laboratory Strain ID 018472 B6.129S7-Rag1tm1Mom/J Jackson laboratory Strain ID 002216 B6(C)-Gt(ROSA)26Sorem1.1 (CAG-cas9*,-EGFP)Rsky/J Jackson laboratory Strain ID 028555 Nr3c1fl/fl Jackson laboratory Strain ID 021021 Cyp11a1fl/fl Acharya et al.12 N/A Fosl2fl/fl Zhang et al.53 N/A Stat3fl/fl Zhang et al.53 N/A Recombinant DNA MSCV-gRNA-Jun This paper N/A MSCV-gRNA-Irf4 This paper N/A MSCV-gRNA-Smad2 This paper N/A MSCV-gRNA-Smad3 This paper N/A MSCV-gRNA-Smad4 This paper N/A MSCV-Jun (OE) This paper N/A MSCV-Fosl2 (OE) This paper N/A MSCV-Irf4 (OE) This paper N/A MSCV-Smad2 (OE) This paper N/A MSCV-Smad3 (OE) This paper N/A MSCV-Smad4 (OE) This paper N/A MSCV-Stat3 (OE) This paper N/A Software and algorithms FlowJo software Tree Star https://flowjo.com Prism 10 GraphPad Software, Inc https://www.graphpad.com/ Code for analyses This paper https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19583152 (Continued on next page) ll OPEN ACCESS Article e4 Immunity 59, 1–18.e1–e10, August 11, 2026

Article Title: Adoptively transferred Th17 cells cooperate with host B cells to achieve durable tumor immunity
Article Snippet: B6.Cg-Tg[TcraTcrb]425Cbn/J (OT-II) , The Jackson Laboratory , Strain#: 004194; RRID: IMSR_JAX:004194.

Article Title: TLR ligand sensing by lymph node FRCs directs intranodal lymphocyte accumulation to promote immune responses
Article Snippet: B6.Cg-Tg(Pdgfrb-cre/ERT2)6096Rha/J ( Pdgfrb-Cre. ert2 ) , Jackson Labs , Jax29684.

Mouse Assay:

Article Title: Clonotype-enriched somatic hypermutations drive affinity maturation of a public human antibody targeting an occluded sarbecovirus epitope
Article Snippet: .. B6.Cg-Tg(K18-ACE2)2Primn/J mice , The Jackson Laboratory , Cat# 034860; RRID: IMSR_JAX:034860. ..

Article Title: Lymphoma accelerates T cell and tissue aging
Article Snippet: B6.SJL-Ptprca Pepcb/BoyJ (CD45.1 congenic) mice , The Jackson Lab , Cat # 002014; RRID:IMSR_JAX:002014. .. B6.Cg-Tg(IghMyc)22Bri/J (Eμ- Myc ) mice , Originally Charles Sidman Lab, Cleveland Lab colony , JAX Cat # 002728; RRID:IMSR_JAX:002728. .. B6.129P2(C)-CD19tm1(Cre)Cgn/J mice , Cleveland Lab colony , JAX Cat # 006785; RRID:IMSR_JAX:006785.

Article Title: Lymphoma accelerates T cell and tissue aging
Article Snippet: BALB/cJ mice , The Jackson Lab , Cat # 000651; RRID:IMSR_JAX:000651. .. B6.Cg-Tg(TcraTcrb)425Cbn/J mice , The Jackson Lab , Cat # 004194; RRID:IMSR_JAX:004194. .. B6.Cg-Rag2tm1.1Cgn/J , The Jackson Lab , Cat # 008449 RRID:IMSR_JAX:008449.

Article Title: Light-evoked activity and BDNF regulate mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial localized translation in CNS axons
Article Snippet: .. B6.Cg-Tg( Thy1 -CFP/Cox8a)S2Lich/J mice , The Jackson Laboratory , 007967. .. B6.Cg-Gt(ROSA)26Sor tm1(CAG−EGFP)Brsy/ J mice , The Jackson Laboratory , 032290.



Similar Products

86
Jackson Laboratory b6 cg tg
B6 Cg Tg, supplied by Jackson Laboratory, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b6+cg+tg/cd4+cre/pm42285103-296-172-173
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
b6 cg tg - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
86/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

86
Jackson Laboratory b6 cg tg thy1 brainbow1 0 hlich j
B6 Cg Tg Thy1 Brainbow1 0 Hlich J, supplied by Jackson Laboratory, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b6+cg+tg/a+b6+cyj+pl+thy1/pm42098376-196-3-8
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
b6 cg tg thy1 brainbow1 0 hlich j - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
86/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

86
Jackson Laboratory b6 cg tg k18 hace2 2prlmn j
B6 Cg Tg K18 Hace2 2prlmn J, supplied by Jackson Laboratory, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b6+cg+tg/hace2+k18+mice/pm42087199-308-1-6
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
b6 cg tg k18 hace2 2prlmn j - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
86/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

86
Shanghai Model Organisms Center b6 cg tg vil1 cre 997gum j
B6 Cg Tg Vil1 Cre 997gum J, supplied by Shanghai Model Organisms Center, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b6+cg+tg/129p2lyz2tm1+b6+cre+ifo+j+mice/pmc13130684-63-0-2
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
b6 cg tg vil1 cre 997gum j - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
86/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

86
Jackson Laboratory b6 cg tg tyr cre ert2
B6 Cg Tg Tyr Cre Ert2, supplied by Jackson Laboratory, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b6+cg+tg/cre+ert2+mice+ubc/10__1080_slash_29944376__2026__2656032-33-32-42
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
b6 cg tg tyr cre ert2 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
86/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

86
Jackson Laboratory b6 cg tg cd4 cre 1cwi bfluj
B6 Cg Tg Cd4 Cre 1cwi Bfluj, supplied by Jackson Laboratory, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b6+cg+tg/cd4+cre/pmc13134388-86-0-2
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
b6 cg tg cd4 cre 1cwi bfluj - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
86/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

86
Mutant Mouse Resource & Research Center d2cre b6 fvb cg tg drd2 cre er44gsat mmucd
Head-fixed mice learn to perform skilled forelimb movements to obtain a reward (A) Representation of injecting AAV9-hSyn-GRAB DA2h and AAV1-Syn-Flex-NES-jRGECO1a into M1. Coronal sections obtained from D1Cre and <t>D2Cre</t> mice showing expression of GRAB DA2h (green) and jRGECO1a (red) in the M1 forelimb area (brain slices are 0.5 mm anterior to the bregma). Scale bars, 500 μm. Magnification: 20×. See also for the histological map of GRAB DA2h and jRGECO1a expression and fiber tip placements. (B) Representation of the task in which head-fixed mice perform skilled forelimb movements with a joystick to obtain a delayed reward, and a fiber photometry setup for simultaneous recording of DA dynamics and population level Ca 2+ activity in the M1 forelimb area. See also for representative traces of neuronal Ca 2+ and DA signals acquired during training. (C) Increase in the number of rewarded joystick movements in D1Cre mice during training. (D) Movement kinematic parameters obtained from the early and late sessions in D1Cre mice showing that the average movement amplitude and velocity increased between training phases. (Left to right) Distribution of movement amplitudes, movement amplitude, and joystick velocity at the time of threshold crossing. (E) Individual movement trajectories of an example D1Cre mouse aligned to the initial joystick position (black dot), and preferred movement direction in the group of D1Cre animals (based on all extracted trajectories). (F) Change in movement similarity in D1Cre mice (based on the average distance between pairwise trajectories). (Left to right) Similarity between the early and late sessions; similarity within the late session. (G–J) Same as (C)–(F) for D2Cre mice. In (C)–(J), data were obtained from 14 D1Cre (10 Cre+ and 4 Cre-) and 13 D2Cre (10 Cre+ and 3 Cre-) animals. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Paired t test; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗ p < 0.05.
D2cre B6 Fvb Cg Tg Drd2 Cre Er44gsat Mmucd, supplied by Mutant Mouse Resource & Research Center, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b6+cg+tg/adora2a+b6+cg+cre+fvb+kg139gsat+mmucd+tg/pmc12969090-36-0-3
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
d2cre b6 fvb cg tg drd2 cre er44gsat mmucd - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
86/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

86
Jackson Laboratory transgenic b6 cg tg
Head-fixed mice learn to perform skilled forelimb movements to obtain a reward (A) Representation of injecting AAV9-hSyn-GRAB DA2h and AAV1-Syn-Flex-NES-jRGECO1a into M1. Coronal sections obtained from D1Cre and <t>D2Cre</t> mice showing expression of GRAB DA2h (green) and jRGECO1a (red) in the M1 forelimb area (brain slices are 0.5 mm anterior to the bregma). Scale bars, 500 μm. Magnification: 20×. See also for the histological map of GRAB DA2h and jRGECO1a expression and fiber tip placements. (B) Representation of the task in which head-fixed mice perform skilled forelimb movements with a joystick to obtain a delayed reward, and a fiber photometry setup for simultaneous recording of DA dynamics and population level Ca 2+ activity in the M1 forelimb area. See also for representative traces of neuronal Ca 2+ and DA signals acquired during training. (C) Increase in the number of rewarded joystick movements in D1Cre mice during training. (D) Movement kinematic parameters obtained from the early and late sessions in D1Cre mice showing that the average movement amplitude and velocity increased between training phases. (Left to right) Distribution of movement amplitudes, movement amplitude, and joystick velocity at the time of threshold crossing. (E) Individual movement trajectories of an example D1Cre mouse aligned to the initial joystick position (black dot), and preferred movement direction in the group of D1Cre animals (based on all extracted trajectories). (F) Change in movement similarity in D1Cre mice (based on the average distance between pairwise trajectories). (Left to right) Similarity between the early and late sessions; similarity within the late session. (G–J) Same as (C)–(F) for D2Cre mice. In (C)–(J), data were obtained from 14 D1Cre (10 Cre+ and 4 Cre-) and 13 D2Cre (10 Cre+ and 3 Cre-) animals. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Paired t test; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗ p < 0.05.
Transgenic B6 Cg Tg, supplied by Jackson Laboratory, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b6+cg+tg/hace2+k18+mice/pmc12966709-140-0-4
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
transgenic b6 cg tg - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
86/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

86
Mutant Mouse Resource & Research Center b6 fvb cg tg rbp4 cre kl100gsat mmucd
Head-fixed mice learn to perform skilled forelimb movements to obtain a reward (A) Representation of injecting AAV9-hSyn-GRAB DA2h and AAV1-Syn-Flex-NES-jRGECO1a into M1. Coronal sections obtained from D1Cre and <t>D2Cre</t> mice showing expression of GRAB DA2h (green) and jRGECO1a (red) in the M1 forelimb area (brain slices are 0.5 mm anterior to the bregma). Scale bars, 500 μm. Magnification: 20×. See also for the histological map of GRAB DA2h and jRGECO1a expression and fiber tip placements. (B) Representation of the task in which head-fixed mice perform skilled forelimb movements with a joystick to obtain a delayed reward, and a fiber photometry setup for simultaneous recording of DA dynamics and population level Ca 2+ activity in the M1 forelimb area. See also for representative traces of neuronal Ca 2+ and DA signals acquired during training. (C) Increase in the number of rewarded joystick movements in D1Cre mice during training. (D) Movement kinematic parameters obtained from the early and late sessions in D1Cre mice showing that the average movement amplitude and velocity increased between training phases. (Left to right) Distribution of movement amplitudes, movement amplitude, and joystick velocity at the time of threshold crossing. (E) Individual movement trajectories of an example D1Cre mouse aligned to the initial joystick position (black dot), and preferred movement direction in the group of D1Cre animals (based on all extracted trajectories). (F) Change in movement similarity in D1Cre mice (based on the average distance between pairwise trajectories). (Left to right) Similarity between the early and late sessions; similarity within the late session. (G–J) Same as (C)–(F) for D2Cre mice. In (C)–(J), data were obtained from 14 D1Cre (10 Cre+ and 4 Cre-) and 13 D2Cre (10 Cre+ and 3 Cre-) animals. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Paired t test; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗ p < 0.05.
B6 Fvb Cg Tg Rbp4 Cre Kl100gsat Mmucd, supplied by Mutant Mouse Resource & Research Center, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b6+cg+tg/adora2a+b6+cg+cre+fvb+kg139gsat+mmucd+tg/10__1113_slash_jp289290-62-9-10
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
b6 fvb cg tg rbp4 cre kl100gsat mmucd - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
86/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

Image Search Results


Head-fixed mice learn to perform skilled forelimb movements to obtain a reward (A) Representation of injecting AAV9-hSyn-GRAB DA2h and AAV1-Syn-Flex-NES-jRGECO1a into M1. Coronal sections obtained from D1Cre and D2Cre mice showing expression of GRAB DA2h (green) and jRGECO1a (red) in the M1 forelimb area (brain slices are 0.5 mm anterior to the bregma). Scale bars, 500 μm. Magnification: 20×. See also for the histological map of GRAB DA2h and jRGECO1a expression and fiber tip placements. (B) Representation of the task in which head-fixed mice perform skilled forelimb movements with a joystick to obtain a delayed reward, and a fiber photometry setup for simultaneous recording of DA dynamics and population level Ca 2+ activity in the M1 forelimb area. See also for representative traces of neuronal Ca 2+ and DA signals acquired during training. (C) Increase in the number of rewarded joystick movements in D1Cre mice during training. (D) Movement kinematic parameters obtained from the early and late sessions in D1Cre mice showing that the average movement amplitude and velocity increased between training phases. (Left to right) Distribution of movement amplitudes, movement amplitude, and joystick velocity at the time of threshold crossing. (E) Individual movement trajectories of an example D1Cre mouse aligned to the initial joystick position (black dot), and preferred movement direction in the group of D1Cre animals (based on all extracted trajectories). (F) Change in movement similarity in D1Cre mice (based on the average distance between pairwise trajectories). (Left to right) Similarity between the early and late sessions; similarity within the late session. (G–J) Same as (C)–(F) for D2Cre mice. In (C)–(J), data were obtained from 14 D1Cre (10 Cre+ and 4 Cre-) and 13 D2Cre (10 Cre+ and 3 Cre-) animals. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Paired t test; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗ p < 0.05.

Journal: iScience

Article Title: The role of dopamine-sensitive motor cortical circuits in the development and execution of skilled forelimb movements

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114983

Figure Lengend Snippet: Head-fixed mice learn to perform skilled forelimb movements to obtain a reward (A) Representation of injecting AAV9-hSyn-GRAB DA2h and AAV1-Syn-Flex-NES-jRGECO1a into M1. Coronal sections obtained from D1Cre and D2Cre mice showing expression of GRAB DA2h (green) and jRGECO1a (red) in the M1 forelimb area (brain slices are 0.5 mm anterior to the bregma). Scale bars, 500 μm. Magnification: 20×. See also for the histological map of GRAB DA2h and jRGECO1a expression and fiber tip placements. (B) Representation of the task in which head-fixed mice perform skilled forelimb movements with a joystick to obtain a delayed reward, and a fiber photometry setup for simultaneous recording of DA dynamics and population level Ca 2+ activity in the M1 forelimb area. See also for representative traces of neuronal Ca 2+ and DA signals acquired during training. (C) Increase in the number of rewarded joystick movements in D1Cre mice during training. (D) Movement kinematic parameters obtained from the early and late sessions in D1Cre mice showing that the average movement amplitude and velocity increased between training phases. (Left to right) Distribution of movement amplitudes, movement amplitude, and joystick velocity at the time of threshold crossing. (E) Individual movement trajectories of an example D1Cre mouse aligned to the initial joystick position (black dot), and preferred movement direction in the group of D1Cre animals (based on all extracted trajectories). (F) Change in movement similarity in D1Cre mice (based on the average distance between pairwise trajectories). (Left to right) Similarity between the early and late sessions; similarity within the late session. (G–J) Same as (C)–(F) for D2Cre mice. In (C)–(J), data were obtained from 14 D1Cre (10 Cre+ and 4 Cre-) and 13 D2Cre (10 Cre+ and 3 Cre-) animals. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Paired t test; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗ p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: D2Cre: B6.FVB(Cg)-Tg(Drd2-cre)ER44Gsat/Mmucd , MMRRC: UCD , RRID: MMRRC_032108-UCD.

Techniques: Expressing, Activity Assay

DA dynamics in the M1 encode execution of skilled forelimb movement and reward consumption (A) Peri-event plots of the average normalized DA signal in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and binned data analyzed at 1-s intervals (bottom). (Left to right) Data are presented as within-session (early or late) comparisons with respect to the baseline (BL) and between-session comparisons of movement- and reward-related periods (early vs. late). (B) Peri-event plots of the average normalized Ca 2+ signal in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and binned data analyzed at 1-s intervals (bottom). (Left to right) Data are presented as within-session (early or late) comparisons with respect to the BL and between-session comparisons of movement- and reward-related periods (early vs. late). (C) Peri-event plots of the average lick rate (licks/s) in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and binned data analyzed at 1-s intervals (bottom). (Left to right) Data are presented as within-session (early or late) comparisons with respect to the BL and between-session comparisons of movement- and reward-related periods (early vs. late). (D–F) Same as (A)–(C) for D2Cre mice. In (A)–(F), data were obtained from 14 D1Cre (10 Cre+ and 4 Cre-) and 13 D2Cre (10 Cre+ and 3 Cre-) animals. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Repeated-measure one-way ANOVA; multiple comparisons: BL mean vs. every other mean, movement (0–1 s) mean vs. reward (1–2 s) mean; Bonferroni’s post hoc test; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗ p < 0.05; or paired t test; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗ p < 0.05. Dashed lines indicate joystick movement (threshold crossing) and reward delivery. See also for comparisons between D1Cre and D2Cre mice and cross-correlations between DA and Ca 2+ signals.

Journal: iScience

Article Title: The role of dopamine-sensitive motor cortical circuits in the development and execution of skilled forelimb movements

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114983

Figure Lengend Snippet: DA dynamics in the M1 encode execution of skilled forelimb movement and reward consumption (A) Peri-event plots of the average normalized DA signal in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and binned data analyzed at 1-s intervals (bottom). (Left to right) Data are presented as within-session (early or late) comparisons with respect to the baseline (BL) and between-session comparisons of movement- and reward-related periods (early vs. late). (B) Peri-event plots of the average normalized Ca 2+ signal in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and binned data analyzed at 1-s intervals (bottom). (Left to right) Data are presented as within-session (early or late) comparisons with respect to the BL and between-session comparisons of movement- and reward-related periods (early vs. late). (C) Peri-event plots of the average lick rate (licks/s) in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and binned data analyzed at 1-s intervals (bottom). (Left to right) Data are presented as within-session (early or late) comparisons with respect to the BL and between-session comparisons of movement- and reward-related periods (early vs. late). (D–F) Same as (A)–(C) for D2Cre mice. In (A)–(F), data were obtained from 14 D1Cre (10 Cre+ and 4 Cre-) and 13 D2Cre (10 Cre+ and 3 Cre-) animals. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Repeated-measure one-way ANOVA; multiple comparisons: BL mean vs. every other mean, movement (0–1 s) mean vs. reward (1–2 s) mean; Bonferroni’s post hoc test; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗ p < 0.05; or paired t test; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗ p < 0.05. Dashed lines indicate joystick movement (threshold crossing) and reward delivery. See also for comparisons between D1Cre and D2Cre mice and cross-correlations between DA and Ca 2+ signals.

Article Snippet: D2Cre: B6.FVB(Cg)-Tg(Drd2-cre)ER44Gsat/Mmucd , MMRRC: UCD , RRID: MMRRC_032108-UCD.

Techniques:

The neural response in the M1 reflects the movement vigor (A and B) Movement kinematic parameters obtained from the low- and high-amplitude trials during regular threshold session in D1Cre and D2Cre mice showing the difference in response vigor. (Left to right) Distribution of movement amplitudes, movement amplitude, and joystick velocity at the time of threshold crossing. (C) Peri-event plots of the average normalized DA signal in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and comparisons of movement- and reward-related periods (analyzed at 1-s intervals) between low- and high-amplitude trials (bottom). (D) Peri-event plots of the average normalized Ca 2+ signal in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and comparisons of movement- and reward-related periods (analyzed at 1-s intervals) between low- and high-amplitude trials (bottom). (E) Peri-event plots of the average lick rate (licks/s) in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and comparisons of movement- and reward-related periods (analyzed at 1-s intervals) between low and high amplitude trials (bottom). (F–H) Same as (C)–(E) for D2Cre mice. In (A)–(H), data were obtained from 14 D1Cre (10 Cre+ and 4 Cre-) and 13 D2Cre (10 Cre+ and 3 Cre-) animals. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Paired t test; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗ p < 0.05. Dashed lines indicate joystick movement (threshold crossing) and reward delivery. See also for comparisons between D1Cre and D2Cre mice.

Journal: iScience

Article Title: The role of dopamine-sensitive motor cortical circuits in the development and execution of skilled forelimb movements

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114983

Figure Lengend Snippet: The neural response in the M1 reflects the movement vigor (A and B) Movement kinematic parameters obtained from the low- and high-amplitude trials during regular threshold session in D1Cre and D2Cre mice showing the difference in response vigor. (Left to right) Distribution of movement amplitudes, movement amplitude, and joystick velocity at the time of threshold crossing. (C) Peri-event plots of the average normalized DA signal in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and comparisons of movement- and reward-related periods (analyzed at 1-s intervals) between low- and high-amplitude trials (bottom). (D) Peri-event plots of the average normalized Ca 2+ signal in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and comparisons of movement- and reward-related periods (analyzed at 1-s intervals) between low- and high-amplitude trials (bottom). (E) Peri-event plots of the average lick rate (licks/s) in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and comparisons of movement- and reward-related periods (analyzed at 1-s intervals) between low and high amplitude trials (bottom). (F–H) Same as (C)–(E) for D2Cre mice. In (A)–(H), data were obtained from 14 D1Cre (10 Cre+ and 4 Cre-) and 13 D2Cre (10 Cre+ and 3 Cre-) animals. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Paired t test; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗ p < 0.05. Dashed lines indicate joystick movement (threshold crossing) and reward delivery. See also for comparisons between D1Cre and D2Cre mice.

Article Snippet: D2Cre: B6.FVB(Cg)-Tg(Drd2-cre)ER44Gsat/Mmucd , MMRRC: UCD , RRID: MMRRC_032108-UCD.

Techniques:

The neural response in the M1 reflects the movement vigor during the increased threshold session (A and B) Movement kinematic parameters obtained from the low- and high-amplitude trials during the increased threshold session in D1Cre and D2Cre mice. (Left to right) Distribution of movement amplitudes, movement amplitude, and joystick velocity at the time of threshold crossing. (C) Peri-event plots of the average normalized DA signal in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and comparisons of movement- and reward-related periods (analyzed at 1-s intervals) between low- and high-amplitude trials (bottom). (D) Peri-event plots of the average normalized Ca 2+ signaling D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and comparisons of movement- and reward-related periods (analyzed at 1-s intervals) between low- and high-amplitude trials (bottom). (E) Peri-event plots of the average lick rate (licks/s) in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and comparisons of movement- and reward-related periods (analyzed at 1-s intervals) between low- and high-amplitude trials (bottom). (F–H) Same as (C)–(E) for D2Cre mice. In (A)–(H) Data were obtained from 14 D1Cre (10 Cre+ and 4 Cre-), and 12 D2Cre (10 Cre+ and 2 Cre-) animals. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Paired t test; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗ p < 0.05. Dashed lines indicate joystick movement (threshold crossing) and reward delivery. See also for comparisons between D1Cre and D2Cre mice.

Journal: iScience

Article Title: The role of dopamine-sensitive motor cortical circuits in the development and execution of skilled forelimb movements

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114983

Figure Lengend Snippet: The neural response in the M1 reflects the movement vigor during the increased threshold session (A and B) Movement kinematic parameters obtained from the low- and high-amplitude trials during the increased threshold session in D1Cre and D2Cre mice. (Left to right) Distribution of movement amplitudes, movement amplitude, and joystick velocity at the time of threshold crossing. (C) Peri-event plots of the average normalized DA signal in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and comparisons of movement- and reward-related periods (analyzed at 1-s intervals) between low- and high-amplitude trials (bottom). (D) Peri-event plots of the average normalized Ca 2+ signaling D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and comparisons of movement- and reward-related periods (analyzed at 1-s intervals) between low- and high-amplitude trials (bottom). (E) Peri-event plots of the average lick rate (licks/s) in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and comparisons of movement- and reward-related periods (analyzed at 1-s intervals) between low- and high-amplitude trials (bottom). (F–H) Same as (C)–(E) for D2Cre mice. In (A)–(H) Data were obtained from 14 D1Cre (10 Cre+ and 4 Cre-), and 12 D2Cre (10 Cre+ and 2 Cre-) animals. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Paired t test; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗ p < 0.05. Dashed lines indicate joystick movement (threshold crossing) and reward delivery. See also for comparisons between D1Cre and D2Cre mice.

Article Snippet: D2Cre: B6.FVB(Cg)-Tg(Drd2-cre)ER44Gsat/Mmucd , MMRRC: UCD , RRID: MMRRC_032108-UCD.

Techniques:

DA in the M1 signals actual reward availability during skilled performance (A) Peri-event plots of the average normalized DA signal in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and binned data analyzed at 1-s intervals (bottom). (Left to right) Data are presented as within-session (delay or omission) comparisons with respect to the baseline (BL). (B) Peri-event plots of the average normalized Ca 2+ signal in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and binned data analyzed at 1-s intervals (bottom). (Left to right) Data are presented as within-session (delay or omission) comparisons with respect to the BL. (C) Peri-event plots of the average lick rate (licks/s) in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and binned data analyzed at 1-s intervals (bottom). (Left to right) Data are presented as within-session (delay or omission) comparisons with respect to the BL. (D–F) Same as (A)–(C) for D2Cre mice. In (A)–(F), data for “delayed reward” analysis were obtained from 14 D1Cre (10 Cre+ and 4 Cre-) and 13 D2Cre (10 Cre+ and 3 Cre-) animals and for “omission” analysis from 9 D1Cre (7 Cre+ and 2 Cre-) and 8 D2Cre (8 Cre+) animals. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Repeated-measure one-way ANOVA; multiple comparisons: BL mean vs. every other mean, movement (0–1 s) mean vs. expected reward (1–2 s) mean, expected reward (1–2 s) mean vs. actual reward (3–4 s) mean; Bonferroni’s post hoc test; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗ p < 0.05 See also for comparisons between D1Cre and D2Cre mice.

Journal: iScience

Article Title: The role of dopamine-sensitive motor cortical circuits in the development and execution of skilled forelimb movements

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114983

Figure Lengend Snippet: DA in the M1 signals actual reward availability during skilled performance (A) Peri-event plots of the average normalized DA signal in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and binned data analyzed at 1-s intervals (bottom). (Left to right) Data are presented as within-session (delay or omission) comparisons with respect to the baseline (BL). (B) Peri-event plots of the average normalized Ca 2+ signal in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and binned data analyzed at 1-s intervals (bottom). (Left to right) Data are presented as within-session (delay or omission) comparisons with respect to the BL. (C) Peri-event plots of the average lick rate (licks/s) in D1Cre mice aligned to threshold cross (top) and binned data analyzed at 1-s intervals (bottom). (Left to right) Data are presented as within-session (delay or omission) comparisons with respect to the BL. (D–F) Same as (A)–(C) for D2Cre mice. In (A)–(F), data for “delayed reward” analysis were obtained from 14 D1Cre (10 Cre+ and 4 Cre-) and 13 D2Cre (10 Cre+ and 3 Cre-) animals and for “omission” analysis from 9 D1Cre (7 Cre+ and 2 Cre-) and 8 D2Cre (8 Cre+) animals. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Repeated-measure one-way ANOVA; multiple comparisons: BL mean vs. every other mean, movement (0–1 s) mean vs. expected reward (1–2 s) mean, expected reward (1–2 s) mean vs. actual reward (3–4 s) mean; Bonferroni’s post hoc test; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗ p < 0.05 See also for comparisons between D1Cre and D2Cre mice.

Article Snippet: D2Cre: B6.FVB(Cg)-Tg(Drd2-cre)ER44Gsat/Mmucd , MMRRC: UCD , RRID: MMRRC_032108-UCD.

Techniques:

A subset of D1+ and D2+ neurons of the M1 contacts long-range targets (A) Representation of the four major areas of rAAV2-Retro-EYFP and Fluoro-Green injections: primary motor cortex (M1), dorsolateral striatum (DLS), thalamus (Thal), and pontine nucleus (PN). See also for representative histology of the injection sites. (B and C) Coronal sections obtained from D1-tdTomato and D2Cre::Ai14 (tdTomato) mice showing laminar distribution of tdTomato (red) expressing D1+ or D2+ neurons and EYFP or FGr (green) expressing retrogradely labeled projection neurons in the M1 forelimb area (brain slices are 0.5 mm anterior to the bregma). Scale bars, 50 μm. See also for analysis of laminar distributions. (D) Cell density of D1+ neurons plotted as a function of distance from pia (where pia = 0 and white matter = 1; therefore, <0.5 indicates cells clustered in the upper layers, while >0.5 indicates cells clustered in the deep layers). (E) Colocalization of D1+ neurons with different populations of projection neurons. Percentage of D1+ neurons indicates colabeled cells across all layers that are also EYFP+ (% [D1+ EYFP+] / D1+) or FGr+ (% [D1+ FGr+] / D1+). Percentage of EYFP+ neurons indicates cells that are also D1+ (% [D1+ EYFP+] / EYFP+), and percentage of FGr+ neurons indicates cells that are D1+ (% [D1+ FGr+] / FGr+). (F) Comparison of labeling specificity of rAAV2-retro and FGr tracers measured by the number of cells labeled by each tracer. (G–I) Same as (D)–(F) for D2Cre mice. In (D)–(I), data were obtained from 21 D1-tdTomato and 19 D2Cre::Ai14 animals (2–3 mice per injection site, 4 slices per animal, slices were collected from −0.10 mm posterior to 1.00 mm anterior to the bregma). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Paired t test; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001. Two-way ANOVA; multiple comparisons: EYFP mean vs. FGr mean; Bonferroni’s post hoc test; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗ p < 0.01. (B–I) cM1 (primary motor cortex injection, M1 forelimb area contralateral to the injection site); cDLS (DLS injection, M1 forelimb area contralateral to the injection site); iDLS (dorsolateral striatum injection, M1 forelimb area ipsilateral to the injection site); iThal (thalmus injection, M1 forelimb area ipsilateral to the injection site); iPN (pontine nucleus injection, M1 forelimb area ipsilateral to the injection site).

Journal: iScience

Article Title: The role of dopamine-sensitive motor cortical circuits in the development and execution of skilled forelimb movements

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114983

Figure Lengend Snippet: A subset of D1+ and D2+ neurons of the M1 contacts long-range targets (A) Representation of the four major areas of rAAV2-Retro-EYFP and Fluoro-Green injections: primary motor cortex (M1), dorsolateral striatum (DLS), thalamus (Thal), and pontine nucleus (PN). See also for representative histology of the injection sites. (B and C) Coronal sections obtained from D1-tdTomato and D2Cre::Ai14 (tdTomato) mice showing laminar distribution of tdTomato (red) expressing D1+ or D2+ neurons and EYFP or FGr (green) expressing retrogradely labeled projection neurons in the M1 forelimb area (brain slices are 0.5 mm anterior to the bregma). Scale bars, 50 μm. See also for analysis of laminar distributions. (D) Cell density of D1+ neurons plotted as a function of distance from pia (where pia = 0 and white matter = 1; therefore, <0.5 indicates cells clustered in the upper layers, while >0.5 indicates cells clustered in the deep layers). (E) Colocalization of D1+ neurons with different populations of projection neurons. Percentage of D1+ neurons indicates colabeled cells across all layers that are also EYFP+ (% [D1+ EYFP+] / D1+) or FGr+ (% [D1+ FGr+] / D1+). Percentage of EYFP+ neurons indicates cells that are also D1+ (% [D1+ EYFP+] / EYFP+), and percentage of FGr+ neurons indicates cells that are D1+ (% [D1+ FGr+] / FGr+). (F) Comparison of labeling specificity of rAAV2-retro and FGr tracers measured by the number of cells labeled by each tracer. (G–I) Same as (D)–(F) for D2Cre mice. In (D)–(I), data were obtained from 21 D1-tdTomato and 19 D2Cre::Ai14 animals (2–3 mice per injection site, 4 slices per animal, slices were collected from −0.10 mm posterior to 1.00 mm anterior to the bregma). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Paired t test; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001. Two-way ANOVA; multiple comparisons: EYFP mean vs. FGr mean; Bonferroni’s post hoc test; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗ p < 0.01. (B–I) cM1 (primary motor cortex injection, M1 forelimb area contralateral to the injection site); cDLS (DLS injection, M1 forelimb area contralateral to the injection site); iDLS (dorsolateral striatum injection, M1 forelimb area ipsilateral to the injection site); iThal (thalmus injection, M1 forelimb area ipsilateral to the injection site); iPN (pontine nucleus injection, M1 forelimb area ipsilateral to the injection site).

Article Snippet: D2Cre: B6.FVB(Cg)-Tg(Drd2-cre)ER44Gsat/Mmucd , MMRRC: UCD , RRID: MMRRC_032108-UCD.

Techniques: Injection, Expressing, Labeling, Comparison